CutStick

Aesthetics, The significance of Baumgarten's work

2005-04-04T16:42:00.000-07:00

Such a statement would have been vigorously repudiated by Hutcheson's contemporary Alexander Baumgarten, who, in his aforementioned Reflections on Poetry, introduced the term aesthetic in its distinctively modern sense. Baumgarten was a pupil of Christian Wolff, the Rationalist philosopher who had created the orthodox philosophy of the German Enlightenment

Davies (of Llandinam), David Davies, 1st Baron

2005-04-04T08:13:00.000-07:00

Davies was educated at King's College, Cambridge, and was a Labour member of the House of Commons (1906–29). He fought in World War I, after which he became closely associated with the work of the League of Nations. After the

Beardfish

2005-04-03T19:00:00.000-07:00

Any of the five species of fishes in the genus Polymixia constituting the family Polymixiidae (order Beryciformes). Beardfishes are restricted primarily to deep-sea marine habitats in tropical and temperate regions of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They generally are found at depths from about 200 to 600 metres (650 to 2,000 feet). The term beardfish comes from the beardlike appearance

Berar

2005-04-02T14:19:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Birar, cotton-growing region in east-central Maharashtra state, western India. The region extends for approximately 200 miles (320 km) east-west along the Purna River basin and lies 700 to 1,600 feet (200 to 500 m) above sea level. Berar is bounded on the north by the Gawilgarh Hills (Melghat) and on the south by the Ajanta Range. Historically the name Berar was given to a province of varying extent, but it no longer

Barani, Ziya'-ud-din

2005-04-02T05:45:00.000-08:00

Using mainly hearsay evidence and his personal experiences at court, Barani in 1357 wrote the Tarikh-e Firuz Shahi (“History of Firuz Shah”), a didactic work setting down the duties of the Indian sultan toward Islam. In his Fatawa-ye jahandari (“Rulings

Hermes

2005-04-01T15:28:00.000-08:00

Greek god, son of Zeus and Maia; often identified with the Roman Mercury (q.v.) and with Casmilus or Cadmilus, one of the Cabeiri (q.v.). His name is probably derived from herma (see herm), the Greek word for a heap of stones, such as was used in the country to indicate boundaries or as a landmark. The earliest centre of his cult was probably Arcadia, where Mt. Cyllene was reputed to be

Arabia, History Of, Mamluk and Ottoman influence

2005-03-31T16:12:00.000-08:00

Although the Yemeni Rasulids sometimes disputed with the Mamluks the overlordship of the Holy Cities, the Mamluks generally prevailed. Egyptians and Meccans attacked al-Mujahid the Rasulid on a pilgrimage in 1350, and he was held prisoner in Egypt though released later.

Ards

2005-03-30T18:14:00.000-08:00

Irish An Aird district, Northern Ireland. Formerly within County Down, in 1973 Ards was established as a district with an area of 139 sq mi (361 sq km). It extends northward from just south of the village of Killinchy along the western shoreline of Strangford Lough (inlet of the sea) to the town of Newtownards and encompasses the peninsula of land east of Strangford Lough. Bordered by North Down

Waals, Johannes Diederik Van Der

2005-03-29T10:05:00.000-08:00

A self-educated man who took advantage of the opportunities offered by the University of Leiden, van der Waals first attracted notice in 1873 with his doctoral

García Lorca, Federico

2005-03-29T07:01:00.000-08:00

The publication in 1928 of Romancero gitano (written 1921–27; Gypsy Ballads), a poetry sequence inspired by the traditional Spanish romance, or ballad, catapulted Lorca into the national spotlight. A lyrical evocation of the sensual world of the Andalusian Gypsy, the collection enthralled Spanish readers, many of whom mistook Lorca for a Gypsy. The book's first edition sold out

Dahmer, Jeffrey

2005-03-28T06:31:00.000-08:00

While Dahmer was a teenager, he experienced fantasies of killing and mutilating men. He committed his first murder in Bath township, Ohio, in 1978. A second murder followed in 1987, and during the next five years he

North Germanic Languages, Orthography

2005-03-27T18:01:00.000-08:00

The five basic vowel symbols of the Latin alphabet are supplemented by a number of special symbols that are used mostly to represent umlauted vowels: thus, there is y (pronounced as German ü), æ (used in Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faroese) and the corresponding ä (used in Swedish), ø (in Danish, Norwegian, and Faroese) and the corresponding ö (in Swedish and Icelandic), and

Hawaii, Industry

2005-03-27T06:42:00.000-08:00

Hawaii has several hundred companies engaged in diversified manufacturing. Heavy-manufacturing plants, using raw materials for the most part imported from the U.S. mainland, include an oil refinery that produces a variety of petroleum products and chemical compounds, a steel mill manufacturing reinforcing bars, several cement plants, a concrete-pipe plant, and

Ben Thuy

2005-03-25T01:08:00.000-08:00

Town, northern Vietnam, on the Ca River, just southeast of the urban centre of Vinh. Just upstream from where the Ca River enters the Gulf of Tonkin where it meets the South China Sea, Ben Thuy serves as the outport of Vinh, and much of the trade of the central part of the country is funneled through it.

Arabia, The Hejaz and Asir

2005-03-24T11:51:00.000-08:00

A virtually unbroken escarpment runs the length of the peninsula above the Red Sea. The stretch from the Gulf of Aqaba to a point about 200 miles south of Mecca is called the Hejaz (Al-Hijaz, meaning “The Barrier”), and the higher stretch from there to the Najran region near the Yemeni border has acquired the name of Asir ('Asir; from the name, meaning “Difficult,” of a prominent highland

Carnivore, Importance to humans

2005-03-24T07:59:00.000-08:00

The seal is of significant importance to the survival of the Eskimos and other inhabitants of the north, who use almost every part of the animal: the meat is eaten; bones used for implements; tendons for sewing; hides for leather to make footwear, boats, shelters, bags, clothing, and ornaments; and the oil and fat for fuel, lubrication, and tanning. The ivory tusks of the walrus

Kamehameha I

2005-03-23T23:42:00.000-08:00

First named Paiea, meaning “Hard-Shelled Crab,” the future sovereign was the son of Keoua, a high chief, and of Kekuiapoiwa, a daughter of the former

Dominican Republic, Flag Of The

2005-03-23T00:07:00.000-08:00

Christopher Columbus visited the island of Hispaniola in 1492, claiming it for the Spanish monarchy. However, French colonists in the 17th century established a state known as Saint-Domingue (Saint-Dominique) in the western part of the island, which subsequently became Haiti. The Spanish-speaking area in the east was conquered by the newly independent Republic of Haiti

Jacobs, Helen Hull

2005-03-22T13:16:00.000-08:00

Jacobs was the national junior tennis champion in 1924–25 and attended the University of California, Berkeley, from 1926 to 1929. She was defeated by Helen Wills in the 1928 finals at Forest Hills, New York, and in the Wimbledon

Andrew I

2005-03-21T09:58:00.000-08:00

Having accompanied his father, Yury Dolgoruky, on his conquest of Kiev, Andrew refused to remain in the ancient capital of Rus and returned

Simenon, Georges

2005-03-20T11:38:00.000-08:00

Simenon began working on a local newspaper at age 16, and at 19 he went to Paris determined to be a successful writer. Typing some 80 pages each day, he wrote, between 1923 and 1933, more than

Stage Design

2005-03-20T04:15:00.000-08:00

The aesthetic composition of a dramatic production as created by such aspects of stagecraft as lighting, set, costume, sound, and stage architecture and machinery.

Triclinius, Demetrius

2005-03-19T23:19:00.000-08:00

Triclinius' editions incorporated notes by other scholars as well as scholia from earlier traditions. He was the first Byzantine scholar to examine closely the metrical structure

Peter Ii

2005-03-19T19:16:00.000-08:00

On succeeding his uncle Peter I, he took the title of Peter II rather than his

Ashkenazy, Vladimir

2005-03-19T06:06:00.000-08:00

Both of Ashkenazy's parents were professional pianists. Beginning piano lessons at age six, Ashkenazy studied for 10 years at the

Scaevola, Gaius Mucius

2005-03-18T19:53:00.000-08:00

Legendary Roman hero who is said to have saved Rome (c. 509 BC) from conquest by the Etruscan king Lars Porsena. According to the legend, Mucius volunteered to assassinate Porsena, who was besieging Rome, but killed his victim's attendant by mistake. Brought before the Etruscan royal tribunal, he declared that he was one of 300 noble youths who had sworn to take the king's life. He demonstrated

Peter Ii

2005-03-17T13:13:00.000-08:00

Variation of the amplitude of a carrier wave (commonly a radio wave) in accordance with the characteristics of a signal, such as a vocal or musical sound composed of audio-frequency waves. See modulation.

International Trade, The European Community

2005-03-16T19:09:00.000-08:00

The EEC remained a leading proponent of economic integration until 1993, when, renamed the European Community (EC), it became the principal component of the European Union (EU), a broader entity seeking economic and political cooperation. The EC was formed by the Maastricht Treaty (formally known as the Treaty on European Union; 1991), which went into force on November 1, 1993. The treaty

Dinosaur, The KT boundary event

2005-03-16T13:11:00.000-08:00

It was not only the dinosaurs that disappeared 65 million years ago at the Cretaceous–Tertiary, or K–T, boundary. Many other organisms became extinct or were greatly reduced in abundance and diversity, and the extinctions were quite different between, and even among, marine and terrestrial organisms. Land plants did not respond in the same way as land animals, and not

Chang Ling

2005-03-16T00:29:00.000-08:00

Chang settled in the Szechwan area and there studied the Tao (“Way”) sometime during the reign (125–144) of Emperor Shun Ti of the Eastern Han dynasty. Later he composed a Taoist work to propagate his cult, which attracted many followers among both the Chinese and the indigenous ethnic

Buyid Dynasty,

2005-03-15T17:14:00.000-08:00

'Ali, appointed governor of Karaj about 930 by the Daylamite leader Mardaviz ebn Zeyar, seized Isfahan and

Jackson, Andrew

2005-03-14T08:13:00.000-08:00

(For an additional writing by Jackson, see First Annual Message to Congress.)

Syracuse

2005-03-14T00:00:00.000-08:00

The site, once the territory of the Onondaga Indians and headquarters of the Iroquois Confederacy, was visited by explorers Samuel de Champlain in 1615 and Pierre Esprit, sieur de Radisson (while a captive of the Mohawks), in 1651. The Jesuit

Ram, Jagjivan

2005-03-13T23:39:00.000-08:00

Ram was born into an untouchable family and was among the first of his caste to receive a higher education. He attended Benares Hindu University and Calcutta University (B.Sc., 1931), becoming a member of Mohandas K. Gandhi's Congress Party in 1931. He played

Aaron

2005-03-13T20:58:00.000-08:00

Aaron continued to live as a symbol in Jewish religion and traditions, and the position of the priests was strengthened after the exile. Also, in the Qumran sect, a Jewish community that flourished in the era just before and contemporary with the birth of Christianity, Aaron was a symbol for a strong priesthood, as can be seen from the Dead Sea Scrolls. At the end of time,

Montserrat

2005-03-13T00:08:00.000-08:00

Mountain, northwestern Barcelona provincia, in the comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”) of Catalonia, Spain, lying just west of the Llobregat River and northwest of Barcelona city. Known to the Romans as Mons Serratus (“Saw-toothed Mountain”) and to the Catalans as Montsagrat (“Sacred Mountain”), it is famous for its unusual appearance, its Benedictine monastery

Scandinavian Literature, Neoromantic revival

2005-03-12T06:29:00.000-08:00

In the 1890s a Neoromantic poetic revival occurred, reinstating the value of emotion and fantasy. The leader of these Symbolist poets was Johannes Jørgensen, whose finest works show a simplicity of style and intensity of feeling. Other poets of the time included Viggo Stuckenberg, who expressed sad resignation; Sophus Claussen, whose poems, often obscure, show sensuality,

Thecodontian

2005-03-11T22:43:00.000-08:00

Archaic term formerly applied to any member of a group of primitive archosaurs (“ruling reptiles”) thought to include the ancestral stock of all other archosaurs, including birds, dinosaurs, pterosaurs (extinct flying reptiles), and crocodiles. The name thecodont means “socket-toothed.”

Wandsworth

2005-03-11T00:12:00.000-08:00

Inner borough of London, lying west of Lambeth and stretching for 5 miles (8 km) along the south bank of the River Thames. Wandsworth was established in 1965 by merging the former metropolitan borough of Battersea with approximately two-thirds of what then constituted Wandsworth (the remainder of which went to Lambeth). The present borough includes such districts as (roughly

Jourdan, Jean-baptiste, Count

2005-03-10T21:47:00.000-08:00

After being a soldier in King Louis XVI's army and serving in the West Indies (1778–84), Jourdan retired and became a draper in Limoges. He supported the Revolution, however; and, having been elected

Gnotobiosis

2005-03-10T09:46:00.000-08:00

(from the Greek meaning “known life”), condition of life in which only known kinds of organisms are present. Gnotobiotic organisms are of two major types: germfree, that is, free of all known contaminants; and gnotophoric, bearing a single known contaminant, usually administered as part of an experiment. The term “germfree,” however, is often used loosely to indicate all organisms

Wesleyan University

2005-03-09T08:13:00.000-08:00

Private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Middletown, Connecticut, U.S. It comprises the College of Letters and the College of Social Studies and departments in the sciences, mathematics, humanities, arts, and social and behavioral sciences. Altogether it offers 50 major fields of study for undergraduate students, 11 master's degree programs, and doctoral

Wells, Emmeline Blanche Woodward

2005-03-09T06:40:00.000-08:00

Emmeline Woodward followed her widowed mother in converting to Mormonism in 1842. She moved with her first husband to the Mormon settlement of Nauvoo, Illinois,

Yang-chou

2005-03-08T09:10:00.000-08:00

In the 4th and 3rd centuries BC Yang-chou was a fief known as Kuang-ling in the state of Ch'u. After the Ch'in unification of the empire in 221 BC, it became the seat of a county. Under the Han dynasty (206 BC–AD 220), it was the seat

Fuchu

2005-03-08T04:26:00.000-08:00

City, Tokyo Metropolis (to), Honshu, Japan, on the Tama-gawa (Tama River). The capital of Musashi Province about the 7th century AD, it flourished as a post town and regional commercial and administrative centre. Fuchu declined when it was bypassed by the railway between Tokyo and Tachikawa (1889), but it revived with the arrival of two other railways in the late 1920s and the construction

Technocracy

2005-03-07T16:00:00.000-08:00

Government by technicians who are guided solely by the imperatives of their technology. The concept developed in the United States early in the 20th century as an expression of the Progressive movement and became a subject of considerable public interest in the 1930s during the Great Depression. The origins of the technocracy movement may be traced to Frederick W. Taylor's

Prophets, The Lives Of The

2005-03-07T06:32:00.000-08:00

Pseudepigraphal collection (not in any scriptural canon) of folk stories and legends about the major and minor biblical prophets and a number of other prophetic figures from the Old Testament books of I Kings, II Chronicles, and Nehemiah. The work demonstrates the popularity of religious and philosophical biography in the Mediterranean and Near Eastern areas

Chachoengsao

2005-03-07T02:33:00.000-08:00

Town, south-central Thailand, about 25 miles (40 km) east of Bangkok. It is a port on the Bang Pakong River. On the railway between Bangkok and the Cambodian border, Chachoengsao is connected by a coastal road to Trat (southeast) and is a site of Buddhist pilgrimage. Rice cultivation and milling are major economic activities in the region, and there is a large government distillery.

Berar

2005-03-07T02:26:00.000-08:00

Robber Fly

2005-03-05T18:31:00.000-08:00

Also called Assassin Fly, any predatory insect of the family Asilidae (order Diptera), numbering about 4,000 species, worldwide in distribution. These flies have variable lengths that range to almost 8 cm (3 inches). They are the largest of all flies. Most are dull in colour, and their stout bodies resemble those of bumble bees. Between the large-faceted eyes is a moustache of bristles. The long legs are adapted

Asyndeton

2005-03-04T21:16:00.000-08:00

The omission of the conjunctions that ordinarily join coordinate words or clauses, as in the phrase “I came, I saw, I conquered” or in Matthew Arnold's poem The Scholar Gipsy:Thou hast not lived, why should'st thou perish, so?Thou hadst one aim, one business, one desire; Else wert thou long since numbered with the dead!

Alytus

2005-03-04T16:02:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Alitus, German and Polish Olita, city, southern Lithuania. It lies along the Neman (Lithuanian: Nemunas) River, 37 miles (60 km) south of Kaunas. The city dates from the 14th century. In the 20th century it developed as an industrial centre, with factories producing refrigerators, chemical products, linen, and clothing. Alytus is a rail terminus and road junction and has an agricultural college. Pop. (1994 est.) 77,400.

Latreille, Pierre-andré

2005-03-04T16:00:00.000-08:00

Although he was a devoted student of natural history, Latreille was educated for the priesthood and was ordained in Paris in 1786. Publication of his Précis des caractères géné

Oryx

2005-03-03T14:49:00.000-08:00

The beisa and gemsbok, subspecies of O. gazella, inhabit eastern and southern Africa, respectively. The scimitar oryx (O. dammah), once found throughout northern Africa, was restricted to the southern rim of the Sahara

Teach, Edward

2005-03-03T13:01:00.000-08:00

Thought to have been active as a privateer for the British during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–13), Teach was first heard of as a pirate late in 1716. The following year he converted a

Asean

2005-03-03T03:24:00.000-08:00

In full Association of Southeast Asian Nations international organization established by the governments of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand in 1967 to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development and to promote peace and security in Southeast Asia. Brunei joined in 1984, followed by Vietnam in 1995, Laos and Myanmar in 1997, and Cambodia in 1999. The ASEAN region has a population

Laos, Drainage

2005-03-02T14:25:00.000-08:00

The general slope of the land in Laos is downhill from east to west, and all the major rivers—the Tha, Beng, Ou, Ngum, Kading, Bangfai, Banghiang, and Kong—are tributaries of the Mekong (Lao: Mènam Khong). The Mekong flows generally southeast and south along and through western Laos and forms its boundary with Myanmar and most of the border with Thailand. The course of the river

Lahore

2005-03-01T20:50:00.000-08:00

Little is known of the history of the settlement prior to the Muslim period. Hindu legend attributes the founding of Lahore to Lava, or Loh, son of Rama, for whom it is said to have been named Lohawar. The city

English Literature, Locke

2005-03-01T15:03:00.000-08:00

One other late 17th-century figure with a formidable influence in the 18th century demands consideration: the philosopher John Locke. His Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) rejects a belief in innate ideas and argues that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa. Experience of the world can only be accumulated through the senses, which are themselves prone to unreliability.

Sabin, Albert Bruce

2005-02-28T21:55:00.000-08:00

Sabin immigrated with his parents to the United States in 1921 and became an American citizen nine

Szechwan, Relief

2005-02-28T19:25:00.000-08:00

Szechwan is bordered on all sides by lofty highlands. To the north, the Tsinling Mountains extend from east to west and attain an elevation between 11,000 and 13,000 feet (3,300 and 4,000 metres) above sea level. The limestone Ta-pa Mountains rise to approximately 9,000 feet on the northeast, while the Ta-lou Mountains, a lower and less continuous range, with an average elevation of 5,000 to 7,000 feet, border the

Floodgate

2005-02-27T18:46:00.000-08:00

Gate for shutting out or releasing the flow of water over spillways, in connection with the operation of a dam. Vertical lift, or radial, gates rise to permit flow under the gate but over the spillway crest. Drum gates rotate backward, lowering their tops and permitting a measured flow over the top of the gate. Drum gates present the fewest problems in the passage of ice

N'djamena

2005-02-27T11:14:00.000-08:00

Formerly Fort-lamy, capital of Chad, on the southwestern border, adjacent to Cameroon. It lies on the east bank of the Chari (Shari) River at its confluence with the Logone River in an alluvial plain that is flooded during the rainy season (July–September). The city was founded in 1900 across the Chari River from Fort-Fureau (Kousseri), where French colonial troops defeated and killed the Sudanese

Jackson, Jesse

2005-02-27T10:44:00.000-08:00

Marshall Frady, Jesse: The Life and Pilgrimage of Jesse Jackson (1996); Lucius J. Barker and Ronald W. Walters (eds.), Jesse Jackson's 1984 Presidential Campaign (1989).

Ascanian Dynasties

2005-02-27T07:04:00.000-08:00

Albert the Bear (see Albert I under Albert [Brandenburg]) was the first to raise the family's rank from that of

Nervous System, Human, Hemispheric asymmetry, handedness, and cerebral dominance

2005-02-25T23:08:00.000-08:00

Evidence from a number

Muhu

2005-02-25T21:06:00.000-08:00

German Moon, archipelago and island, Estonia, separating the Gulf of Riga from the Baltic Sea. The archipelago's three main islands are Saaremaa (q.v.), the largest, in the south; Hiiumaa (q.v.) in the north; and Muhu, the smallest, in the east nearest the mainland. Navigable straits separate the islands from each other and from the mainland. Ferries serve the archipelago, and a causeway links

Appliqué

2005-02-25T02:07:00.000-08:00

Sewing technique in which fabric patches are layered on a foundation fabric, then stitched in place by hand or machine with the raw edges turned under or covered with decorative stitching. From the French appliquer, “to put on,” appliqué is sometimes used to embellish clothing or household linens. Like patchwork (piecing), it is a method of constructing or embellishing

Mitchell, W.o.

2005-02-24T15:19:00.000-08:00

Mitchell received favourable notice for his first novel, Who Has Seen the Wind? (1947), a sensitive picture of a grim prairie town seen from the point of view of a small boy. Mitchell's Jake and the Kid (1961) was later developed

Rocky Mountains, Mineral resources

2005-02-23T15:51:00.000-08:00

Minerals have been of economic significance since the mid-19th century, although worldwide market fluctuations often have caused mine closures. Copper, easily the most valuable of the many metallic resources of the Rocky Mountains, has been extracted from large mines in British Columbia, Montana, Utah, and Arizona. The Rockies are more noted for their many underground

Domenico Veneziano,

2005-02-23T11:18:00.000-08:00

Domenico was probably first trained in the International Gothic manner in Venice, where it is likely he saw paintings by northern European artists. He settled in Florence about 1439 and, except for brief periods, worked there until his

Qasr 'amrah

2005-02-23T08:09:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Qasr Al-'amrah, palace in Jordan, about 50 miles (80 km) east of Amman. Built about AD 712–715, it served as both a hunting lodge and a fortress, and it is one of the best-preserved monuments of Islamic architecture from the Umayyad period. Its main chamber is roofed with three parallel vaults that rest on broad arches. The vaults are covered with frescoes of people and animals in scenes from daily life; a

Field Trial

2005-02-22T21:45:00.000-08:00

Any of the competitions among individual sporting dogs, under conditions that approximate or simulate those found in the hunting field. Competing dogs need not necessarily be of the same breed. In the United States many of the field trials in the bird-dog (pointing dog) category are staged under the sanction of the American Kennel Club, the official governing body

Gospel Music

2005-02-21T16:36:00.000-08:00

The immediate impetus for gospel music seems to have been the rise of Pentecostal churches

Caballero, Fernán

2005-02-21T10:22:00.000-08:00

Her father was Johann Niklaus Böhl von Faber, a German businessman who converted to Roman Catholicism and became a well-known critic of Spanish literature. He moved the family in 1813 to Andalusia, which was the native

China

2005-02-20T20:14:00.000-08:00

Two major cultures can be identified in the northwest: Lao-kuan-t'ai, in eastern and southern Shensi and northwestern Honan, and Ta-ti-wan I—a development of Lao-kuan-t'ai culture—in eastern Kansu and western Shensi. In these cultures pots were low-fired, sand-tempered, and mainly red in colour, and bowls with three stubby feet or ring feet were common. The painted bands of

Motion Picture, History Of The, Germany

2005-02-20T10:59:00.000-08:00

Germany's catastrophic defeat in World War II and the subsequent partitioning of the country virtually destroyed its film industry, which had already been corrupted by the Nazis. Rebuilt during the 1950s, the West German industry became the fifth largest producer in the world, but the majority of its output consisted of low-quality Heimatfilme (“homeland films”) for the

Benin, Bight Of

2005-02-19T18:12:00.000-08:00

Also called Bight Of Bonny, bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the western African coast that extends eastward for about 400 miles (640 km) from Cape St. Paul (Ghana) to the Nun outlet of the Niger River (Nigeria). It lies within the Gulf of Guinea and is bordered by southeastern Ghana, Togo, Benin, and southwestern Nigeria. The bay receives a portion of the Niger River delta and also the Sio, Haho, Mono, Couffo, Ouémé, Benin,

Pietrasanta

2005-02-19T01:42:00.000-08:00

Town, centre of a district known as Versilia, Lucca provincia, Toscana (Tuscany) regione, central Italy, at the foot of the Alpi Apuane (mountains) just southeast of Carrara. Its piazza is surrounded by fine buildings including the Cathedral of San Martino and the Church of San Agostino (a baptistery with a medieval font), both dating from the 14th century, and the remains of

Brunet, Andrée; And Brunet, Pierre

2005-02-18T19:37:00.000-08:00

Brunet and Joly each competed individually before their Olympic debut in 1924. Brunet became a national hero in France by winning consecutive national

Psychomotor Learning, Devices and tasks

2005-02-18T10:50:00.000-08:00

Hundreds of electrical and mechanical instruments have been developed for research in psychomotor learning, but those commonly used number less than two dozen. In operating a device called a complex coordinator, the learner is instructed to make prompt, synchronized adjustments of handstick and foot-bar controls to match different combinations of stimulus

Ovum

2005-02-16T17:21:00.000-08:00

The outer surface of each ovary is covered by a layer of cells (germinal epithelium); these surround the immature egg cells, which are present in the ovaries from the time of

Arts, Central Asian, Arctic regions

2005-02-16T05:19:00.000-08:00

In the arctic zone of Central Asia, the prehistoric age extends from the 3rd millennium BC to the arrival of Europeans around AD 1800. Knowledge of the region's arts is still very limited, for it is wholly dependent upon the sculptures produced by Eskimos living on the shores and in the hinterland of Siberia and the Bering Strait. These sculptures are mostly in walrus tusk, though

Noord-brabant

2005-02-16T00:56:00.000-08:00

English North Brabant provincie (province), second largest of The Netherlands, extending northward from the Belgium border, between the provinces of Zeeland (west) and Limburg (east), to the Maas (Meuse) and Merwede rivers. It is drained by the Mark (Merk) and Dommel rivers and the Zuidwillemsvaart and Wilhelmina canals. Its capital is 's Hertogenbosch. Neolithic, Bronze, and Iron Age remains attest

Rosten, Leo

2005-02-15T21:25:00.000-08:00

At age three Rosten immigrated with his parents to Chicago. He graduated from the University of Chicago in 1930 and received his Ph.D. in 1937. After working as a screenwriter

Dargomyzhsky, Aleksandr

2005-02-14T18:49:00.000-08:00

Dargomyzhsky grew up in St. Petersburg as a talented amateur musician, playing the violin and piano and dabbling in composition. His acquaintance with the composer Mikhail Glinka (1833) turned his thoughts more seriously toward composition,

War Of The Sons Of Light Against The Sons Of Darkness, The

2005-02-14T16:17:00.000-08:00

Hebrew Megillat Milhamat B'ne, or Beb'ne Hoshekh, also called War Rule, or War Scroll, a Dead Sea Scroll, and one of the most important documents of the Essene sect of Jews that established a community at Qumran in the Judaean desert during the first half of the 2nd century BC. The Essenes thought themselves to be the holy elect of Israel, the Sons of Light, who would at the end of time engage in a catastrophic war with the enemies of Israel, the Sons of

National Aquarium

2005-02-14T15:11:00.000-08:00

The facility houses more than 1,000 specimens of nearly 200 species of fishes in 54 individual display tanks ranging in capacity from 285 to

Talak

2005-02-13T11:20:00.000-08:00

Extensive sandy dune region of northwestern Niger, west of the Aïr massif. It covers about 40,000 square miles (100,000 square km) and is drained by a number of small, ephemeral watercourses, the longest of which, the Azaouak, eventually empties into the Niger River. Dinosaur fossils have been found at numerous sites in the region. Eastern Talak is crossed (north-south) by the trans-Saharan

Tskhinvali

2005-02-13T03:33:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Cchinvali, formerly (1934–61) Staliniri, city, north-central Georgia, on the Bolshaya Liakhvi River. It is the leading city of an area populated by a Caucasian people known as Ossetians, or Ossetes. Tskhinvali has varied industries, including electrical and mechanical engineering and food-processing and wood-working concerns. It also has a local museum, a teacher-training institute, and a medical school.

Adat

2005-02-12T16:00:00.000-08:00

Customary law of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia and Indonesia. It was the unwritten, traditional code governing all aspects of personal conduct from birth to death. Two kinds of Malay adat law developed prior to the 15th century: Adat Perpateh developed in a matrilineal kinship structure in areas occupied by the Minangkabau people in Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan;

Gu

2005-02-12T14:31:00.000-08:00

The bronze gu was produced during

Sea Lion

2005-02-11T16:22:00.000-08:00

Any of the five species of seals, belonging to the family Otariidae (eared seals), characterized by a coat of short, coarse hair that lacks a distinct undercoat. Sea lions are lithe animals with the small ears typical of the Otariidae (see seal); the males, except in the California sea lion, have manes. Like the other otariids, sea lions have longer flippers than do the true,

Catechumen

2005-02-10T21:22:00.000-08:00

A person who receives instruction in the Christian religion in order to be baptized. According to the New Testament, the apostles instructed converts after baptism (Acts 2:41–42), and Christian instruction was evidently given to all converts (Luke 1:4, Acts 18:25, Galatians 6:6). As the number of Gentiles in the church increased, instruction became more definite. In the 4th century, with the

Arndt, Ernst Moritz

2005-02-10T15:48:00.000-08:00

Arndt was educated at Stralsund, Greifswald, and Jena and qualified for the Lutheran ministry. At the age of 28 he rejected his clerical career and for 18 months travelled through Europe. On his return to Germany the sight of

Seven Holy Founders

2005-02-10T02:36:00.000-08:00

Also called Seven Servite Founders saints Bonfilius, Alexis Falconieri, John Bonagiunta, Benedict dell'Antella, Bartholomew Amidei, Gerard Sostegni, and Ricoverus Uguccione, who founded the Ordo Fratrum Servorum Sanctae Mariae (“Order of Friar Servants of St. Mary”). Popularly called Servites, the order is a Roman Catholic congregation

Boitano, Brian

2005-02-09T04:26:00.000-08:00

Boitano began skating at age eight. Shortly after that, he began taking skating lessons from Linda Leaver, who remained his only coach throughout his career. He quickly gained

Soto, Hernando De

2005-02-08T23:40:00.000-08:00

Hernando also spelled Fernando Spanish explorer and conquistador who participated in the conquests of Central America and Peru and, in the course of exploring what was to become the southeastern United States, discovered the Mississippi River.

Augusta

2005-02-08T09:02:00.000-08:00

The younger daughter of Charles Frederick, grand duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, she was married to the future king and emperor on June 11, 1829. She was jealously devoted to her children, Frederick William (later king and emperor as Frederick

Dramatic Literature, Dramatic expression

2005-02-08T01:58:00.000-08:00

The language of drama can range between great extremes: on the one hand, an intensely theatrical and ritualistic manner; and on the other, an almost exact reproduction of real life of the kind commonly associated with motion picture and television drama. In the ritualistic drama of ancient Greece, the playwrights wrote in verse, and it may be assumed that their actors

CutStick

Aesthetics, The significance of Baumgarten's work

Davies (of Llandinam), David Davies, 1st Baron

Beardfish

Berar

Barani, Ziya'-ud-din

Hermes

Arabia, History Of, Mamluk and Ottoman influence

Ards

Waals, Johannes Diederik Van Der

García Lorca, Federico

Dahmer, Jeffrey

North Germanic Languages, Orthography

Hawaii, Industry

Ben Thuy

Arabia, The Hejaz and Asir

Carnivore, Importance to humans

Kamehameha I

Dominican Republic, Flag Of The

Jacobs, Helen Hull

Andrew I

Simenon, Georges

Stage Design

Triclinius, Demetrius

Peter Ii

Ashkenazy, Vladimir

Scaevola, Gaius Mucius

Peter Ii

International Trade, The European Community

Dinosaur, The KT boundary event

Chang Ling

Buyid Dynasty,

Jackson, Andrew

Syracuse

Ram, Jagjivan

Aaron

Montserrat

Scandinavian Literature, Neoromantic revival

Thecodontian

Wandsworth

Jourdan, Jean-baptiste, Count

Gnotobiosis

Wesleyan University

Wells, Emmeline Blanche Woodward

Yang-chou

Fuchu

Technocracy

Prophets, The Lives Of The

Chachoengsao

Berar

Robber Fly

Asyndeton

Alytus

Latreille, Pierre-andré

Oryx

Teach, Edward

Asean

Laos, Drainage

Lahore

English Literature, Locke

Sabin, Albert Bruce

Szechwan, Relief

Floodgate

N'djamena

Jackson, Jesse

Ascanian Dynasties

Nervous System, Human, Hemispheric asymmetry, handedness, and cerebral dominance

Muhu

Appliqué

Mitchell, W.o.

Rocky Mountains, Mineral resources

Domenico Veneziano,

Qasr 'amrah

Field Trial

Gospel Music

Caballero, Fernán

China

Motion Picture, History Of The, Germany

Benin, Bight Of

Pietrasanta

Dinosaur, The KT boundary event